Materials Science and Manufacturing Engineering Miscellaneous
- A mould has downsprue whose length is 20 cm and the cross sectional area at the base of the downsprue is 1 cm2. The downsprue feeds a horizontal runner leading into the mould cavity of volume 1000 cm3. The time required to fill the mould cavity will be
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Height of sprue, h = 20 cm = 0.2m
Area of down sprue (Ingate) = 1m2 = 1 × 10–4 m2
Volume of casting = 1000 cm3 (Mould cavity)
Velocity of sprue base V = √2gh = √2 × 9.81 × 0.2 = 1.98 m/s
10–3 = 10–4 × 1.98 × tt = 10–3 × 10–4 = 5.05 sec 1.98 Correct Option: B
Height of sprue, h = 20 cm = 0.2m
Area of down sprue (Ingate) = 1m2 = 1 × 10–4 m2
Volume of casting = 1000 cm3 (Mould cavity)
Velocity of sprue base V = √2gh = √2 × 9.81 × 0.2 = 1.98 m/s
10–3 = 10–4 × 1.98 × tt = 10–3 × 10–4 = 5.05 sec 1.98
- A 200 mm long down sprue has an area of crosssection of 650 mm2 where the pouring basin meets the down sprue (i.e. at the beginning of the down sprue). A constant head of molten metal is maintained by the pouring basin. The molten metal flow rate is 6.5 × 105 mm3/s. Considering the end of down sprue to be open to atmosphere and acceleration due to gravity of 104 mm/s2, the area of the down sprue in mm2 at its end (avoiding aspiration effect) should be
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Here, Flow rate = 6.5 × 105 mm3 /s
A1V1 = 6.5 × 105
V1 = 1000 mm3/s = √2g × h
h = 50 mm
At down, V2 = √2g(200 50) = 2236.06 mm/s
A2V2 = 6.5 × 105
∴ A2 = 290.68 mm2Correct Option: C
Here, Flow rate = 6.5 × 105 mm3 /s
A1V1 = 6.5 × 105
V1 = 1000 mm3/s = √2g × h
h = 50 mm
At down, V2 = √2g(200 50) = 2236.06 mm/s
A2V2 = 6.5 × 105
∴ A2 = 290.68 mm2
- Volume of a cube of side l and volume of a sphere of radius r are equal. Both the cube and the sphere are solid and of same material. They are being east. The ratio of the solidification time of the cube to the same of sphere is
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Vcube = Vsphere
Solidification time = 
V 
2 A
where, A = surface areaRequired ratio = (Vcube / Acube) 2 (Vsphere / Asphere) Required ratio = Asphere 2 Acube Required ratio = 4πr² 2 6l² Required ratio = 4π 2 r 4 6 l
Correct Option: D
Vcube = Vsphere
Solidification time = V 2 A
where, A = surface areaRequired ratio = (Vcube / Acube) 2 (Vsphere / Asphere) Required ratio = Asphere 2 Acube Required ratio = 4πr² 2 6l² Required ratio = 4π 2 r 4 6 l
- In a sand casting operation, the total liquid head is maintained constant such that it is equal to the mould height. The time taken to fill the mould with a top gate is tA. If the same mould is filled with a bottom gate, then the time taken is tB. Ignore the time required to fill the runner and frictional effects, Assume Atmospheric pressure at the top molten metal surfaces. The relation between tA and tB is
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Top gate tf1 = A × H Ag √( 2ghm )
hm = Htf1 = A × √hm .....(1) Ag √2g Bottom gate tf2 = 2A ( √hm - √hm - H ) Ag √2g tf2 = 2A √hm .....(2) Ag √2g tf2 = 2 tf1
tf2 = 2tf1Correct Option: B
Top gate tf1 = A × H Ag √( 2ghm )
hm = Htf1 = A × √hm .....(1) Ag √2g Bottom gate tf2 = 2A ( √hm - √hm - H ) Ag √2g tf2 = 2A √hm .....(2) Ag √2g tf2 = 2 tf1
tf2 = 2tf1
- With a solidification factor of 0.97 × 106 s/m2, the solidification time (in seconds) for a spherical casting of 200 mm diameter is
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t = k V 2 A
D = 200 mmt = 0.97 × 106 (4 / 3)π(0.1)3 2 4π(0.1)2 t = 0.97 × 106 0.1 2 3
t = 1077.8 sec
t ≈ 1078 secCorrect Option: B
t = k V 2 A
D = 200 mmt = 0.97 × 106 (4 / 3)π(0.1)3 2 4π(0.1)2 t = 0.97 × 106 0.1 2 3
t = 1077.8 sec
t ≈ 1078 sec
