Tissue culture is the growth of tissues or cells separate from the organism. This is typically facilitated via use of a liquid, semi-solid, or solid growth medium, such as broth or agar. Tissue culture commonly refers to the culture of animal cells and tissues, with the more specific term plant tissue culture being used for plants. In modern usage, tissue culture generally refers to the growth of cells from a tissue from a multicellular organism in vitro.

Correct Option: C

Tissue culture is the growth of tissues or cells separate from the organism. This is typically facilitated via use of a liquid, semi-solid, or solid growth medium, such as broth or agar. Tissue culture commonly refers to the culture of animal cells and tissues, with the more specific term plant tissue culture being used for plants. In modern usage, tissue culture generally refers to the growth of cells from a tissue from a multicellular organism in vitro.

Vitamin A is found naturally in many foods: liver (beef, pork, chicken, turkey, fish) (6500 ìg 722%), including cod liver oil; dandelion greens (5588 IU 112%); carrot (835 ìg 93%); broccoli leaf (800 ìg 89%); spinach (469 ìg 52%); collard greens (333 ìg 37%), etc. Brewer’s yeast is often taken as a powder, or as tablets or capsules. High-quality brewer’s yeast powder or flakes contain as much as 60 mcg of chromium per tablespoon (15 grams). The B-complex vitamins in brewers yeast include B₁ (thiamine), B₂ (riboflavin), B₃ (niacin), B₅ (pantothenic acid), B₆ (pyridoxine), B₉ (folic acid), and H or B₇ (biotin). These vitamins help break down carbohydrates, fats, and proteins, which provide the body with energy. Wheat germ oil is extracted from the germ of the wheat kernel, which makes up only 2.5% by weight of the kernel. Wheat germ oil is very high in vitamin E, and has the highest content of vitamin E of any food that has not undergone prior preparation or vitamin fortification. Raw cabbage is a good source of vitamins, minerals, and fiber that help protect our body. All cabbage types provide vitamin C, folic acid, potassium, manganese, magnesium, riboflavin and thiamin.

Correct Option: B

Vitamin A is found naturally in many foods: liver (beef, pork, chicken, turkey, fish) (6500 ìg 722%), including cod liver oil; dandelion greens (5588 IU 112%); carrot (835 ìg 93%); broccoli leaf (800 ìg 89%); spinach (469 ìg 52%); collard greens (333 ìg 37%), etc. Brewer’s yeast is often taken as a powder, or as tablets or capsules. High-quality brewer’s yeast powder or flakes contain as much as 60 mcg of chromium per tablespoon (15 grams). The B-complex vitamins in brewers yeast include B₁ (thiamine), B₂ (riboflavin), B₃ (niacin), B₅ (pantothenic acid), B₆ (pyridoxine), B₉ (folic acid), and H or B₇ (biotin). These vitamins help break down carbohydrates, fats, and proteins, which provide the body with energy. Wheat germ oil is extracted from the germ of the wheat kernel, which makes up only 2.5% by weight of the kernel. Wheat germ oil is very high in vitamin E, and has the highest content of vitamin E of any food that has not undergone prior preparation or vitamin fortification. Raw cabbage is a good source of vitamins, minerals, and fiber that help protect our body. All cabbage types provide vitamin C, folic acid, potassium, manganese, magnesium, riboflavin and thiamin.

Ecological productivity refers to the primary fixation of solar energy by plants and the subsequent use of that fixed energy by plant-eating herbivores, animal-eating carnivores, and the detritivores that feed upon dead biomass. Ecologists refer to the productivity of green plants as primary productivity. Deserts, tundra, and the deep ocean are the least productive ecosystems, typically having an energy fixation of less than 0.5 × 10³ kilocalories per square meter per year (thousands of kcal/m²/yr; it takes one calorie to raise the temperature of one gram of water by 34°F [1°C] under standard conditions, and there are 1,000 calories in a kcal). Grasslands, montane and boreal forests, waters of the continental shelf, and rough agriculture typically have productivities of 0.5-3.0 × 10³ kcal/m²/yr. Moist forests, moist prairies, shallow lakes, and typical agricultural systems have productivities of 3-10 × 10³ kcal/m²/yr. The most productive ecosystems are fertile estuaries and marshes, coral reefs, terrestrial vegetation on moist alluvial deposits, and intensive agriculture, which can have productivities of 10-25 × 10³ kcal/m²/yr.

Correct Option: D

Ecological productivity refers to the primary fixation of solar energy by plants and the subsequent use of that fixed energy by plant-eating herbivores, animal-eating carnivores, and the detritivores that feed upon dead biomass. Ecologists refer to the productivity of green plants as primary productivity. Deserts, tundra, and the deep ocean are the least productive ecosystems, typically having an energy fixation of less than 0.5 × 10³ kilocalories per square meter per year (thousands of kcal/m²/yr; it takes one calorie to raise the temperature of one gram of water by 34°F [1°C] under standard conditions, and there are 1,000 calories in a kcal). Grasslands, montane and boreal forests, waters of the continental shelf, and rough agriculture typically have productivities of 0.5-3.0 × 10³ kcal/m²/yr. Moist forests, moist prairies, shallow lakes, and typical agricultural systems have productivities of 3-10 × 10³ kcal/m²/yr. The most productive ecosystems are fertile estuaries and marshes, coral reefs, terrestrial vegetation on moist alluvial deposits, and intensive agriculture, which can have productivities of 10-25 × 10³ kcal/m²/yr.

There are two forms of tuberculosis that cause significant disease in mammals. Human tuberculosis, a sometimes acute, but much more commonly, a chronic lung infection is caused by the bacterium, Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Bovine tuberculosis is a very similar disease that infects cattle, as well as deer, goats, elk and many other animals. This infection is caused by a related bacterium, Mycobacterium bovis. Human infections with the bovine form of the bacteria are transmitted through milk.

Correct Option: A

There are two forms of tuberculosis that cause significant disease in mammals. Human tuberculosis, a sometimes acute, but much more commonly, a chronic lung infection is caused by the bacterium, Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Bovine tuberculosis is a very similar disease that infects cattle, as well as deer, goats, elk and many other animals. This infection is caused by a related bacterium, Mycobacterium bovis. Human infections with the bovine form of the bacteria are transmitted through milk.

The lymphatic system consists of a network of specialized lymphatic vessels and various tissues and organs throughout the body that contain lymphocytes (White Blood Cells) and other cells that help the body fight infection and disease. The lymphatic vessels are similar to veins but have thinner walls. Some of these vessels are very close to the skin surface and can be found near veins; others are just under the skin and in the deeper fatty tissues near the muscles and can be found near arteries.

Correct Option: C

The lymphatic system consists of a network of specialized lymphatic vessels and various tissues and organs throughout the body that contain lymphocytes (White Blood Cells) and other cells that help the body fight infection and disease. The lymphatic vessels are similar to veins but have thinner walls. Some of these vessels are very close to the skin surface and can be found near veins; others are just under the skin and in the deeper fatty tissues near the muscles and can be found near arteries.