Rickets is a softening of bones in children due to deficiency or impaired metabolism of vitamin D, phosphorus or calcium, potentially leading to fractures and deformity. Rickets is among the most frequent childhood diseases in many developing
countries. The predominant cause is a vitamin D deficiency, but lack of adequate calcium in the diet may also lead to rickets (cases of severe diarrhea and vomiting may be the cause of the deficiency). Although it can occur in adults, the majority of cases occur in children suffering from severe malnutrition, usually resulting from famine or starvation during the early stages of childhood.

Correct Option: C

Rickets is a softening of bones in children due to deficiency or impaired metabolism of vitamin D, phosphorus or calcium, potentially leading to fractures and deformity. Rickets is among the most frequent childhood diseases in many developing
countries. The predominant cause is a vitamin D deficiency, but lack of adequate calcium in the diet may also lead to rickets (cases of severe diarrhea and vomiting may be the cause of the deficiency). Although it can occur in adults, the majority of cases occur in children suffering from severe malnutrition, usually resulting from famine or starvation during the early stages of childhood.

“Survival of the fittest” is a phrase originating in evolutionary theory, as an alternative description of natural selection. The phrase is today commonly used in contexts that are incompatible with the original meaning as intended by its first two proponents: British polymath philosopher Herbert Spencer (who coined the term) and Charles Darwin. Herbert Spencer first used the phrase – after reading Charles Darwin’s On the Origin of Species – in his Principles of Biology (1864), in which he drew parallels between his own economic theories and Darwin’s biological ones. Darwin first used Spencer’s new phrase “survival of the fittest” as a synonym for natural selection in the fifth edition of On the Origin of Species, published in 1869.

Correct Option: B

“Survival of the fittest” is a phrase originating in evolutionary theory, as an alternative description of natural selection. The phrase is today commonly used in contexts that are incompatible with the original meaning as intended by its first two proponents: British polymath philosopher Herbert Spencer (who coined the term) and Charles Darwin. Herbert Spencer first used the phrase – after reading Charles Darwin’s On the Origin of Species – in his Principles of Biology (1864), in which he drew parallels between his own economic theories and Darwin’s biological ones. Darwin first used Spencer’s new phrase “survival of the fittest” as a synonym for natural selection in the fifth edition of On the Origin of Species, published in 1869.

Most species of Euglena have photosynthesizing chloroplasts within the body of the cell, which enable them to feed by autotrophy (making energy-containing organic molecules from inorganic raw material through the use of an energy source such as sunlight), like plants. However, they can also take nourishment heterotrophically (making use of food that comes from other organisms in the form of fats, carbohydrates, and proteins), like animals. So Euglena have features of both animals and plants.

Correct Option: A

Most species of Euglena have photosynthesizing chloroplasts within the body of the cell, which enable them to feed by autotrophy (making energy-containing organic molecules from inorganic raw material through the use of an energy source such as sunlight), like plants. However, they can also take nourishment heterotrophically (making use of food that comes from other organisms in the form of fats, carbohydrates, and proteins), like animals. So Euglena have features of both animals and plants.

An ecosystem is defined as any community of living and non-living things that work together. Biotic components are the living things that shape an ecosystem. All non-living components of an ecosystem is called abiotic components such as temperature, light, moisture, air currents, etc.

Correct Option: A

An ecosystem is defined as any community of living and non-living things that work together. Biotic components are the living things that shape an ecosystem. All non-living components of an ecosystem is called abiotic components such as temperature, light, moisture, air currents, etc.

When a mosquito sucks the blood of a person who has malaria parasites in his or her blood, the mosquito picks male and female gametocytes where they undergo a series of changes to become sporozoites. The sporozoites are the infective stages of malaria parasites in the mosquito. This process takes about 10 -14 days depending on environmental temperature.

Correct Option: D

When a mosquito sucks the blood of a person who has malaria parasites in his or her blood, the mosquito picks male and female gametocytes where they undergo a series of changes to become sporozoites. The sporozoites are the infective stages of malaria parasites in the mosquito. This process takes about 10 -14 days depending on environmental temperature.