Human African trypanosomiasis, sleeping sickness, African lethargy, or Congo trypanosomiasis is a parasitic disease of people and animals, caused by protozoa of the species Trypanosoma brucei and transmitted by the tsetse fly. It results in swelling of the brain. The disease is endemic in some regions of sub-Saharan Africa, covering areas in about 37 countries containing more than 60 million people. An estimated 50,000 to 70,000 people are currently infected, the number having declined somewhat in recent years. The tsetse fly is a large, brown, biting fly that serves as both a host and vector for the trypanosome parasites.

Correct Option: D

Human African trypanosomiasis, sleeping sickness, African lethargy, or Congo trypanosomiasis is a parasitic disease of people and animals, caused by protozoa of the species Trypanosoma brucei and transmitted by the tsetse fly. It results in swelling of the brain. The disease is endemic in some regions of sub-Saharan Africa, covering areas in about 37 countries containing more than 60 million people. An estimated 50,000 to 70,000 people are currently infected, the number having declined somewhat in recent years. The tsetse fly is a large, brown, biting fly that serves as both a host and vector for the trypanosome parasites.

The blood sugar concentration or blood glucose level is the amount of glucose (sugar) present in the blood of a human or animal. The body naturally tightly regulates blood glucose levels as a part of metabolic homeostasis. The mean normal blood glucose level in humans is about 4 mM (4 mmol/L or 72 mg/dL,
i.e. milligrams/deciliter); however, this level fluctuates throughout the day. Glucose levels are usually lowest in the morning, before the first meal of the day (termed “the fasting level”), and rise after meals for an hour or two by a few millimolar. Normal Human Glucose Blood Test results should be 70 - 130 (mg/ dL) before meals, and less than 180 mg/dL after meals (as measured by a blood glucose monitor). Less than 100 mg/dl (milligrams per deciliter) = normal fasting glucose. More than 100 but less than 126 mg/dl = pre-diabetes. More than 126 mg/dl = provisional diagnosis of diabetes. The blood sugar concentration or blood glucose level is the amount of glucose (sugar) present in the blood of a human or animal. The body naturally tightly regulates blood glucose levels as a part of metabolic homeostasis. The mean normal blood glucose level in humans is about 4 mM (4 mmol/L or 72 mg/dL,
i.e. milligrams/deciliter); however, this level fluctuates throughout the day. Glucose levels are usually lowest in the morning, before the first meal of the day (termed “the fasting level”), and rise after meals for an hour or two by a few millimolar. Normal Human Glucose Blood Test results should be 70 - 130 (mg/ dL) before meals, and less than 180 mg/dL after meals (as measured by a blood glucose monitor). Less than 100 mg/dl (milligrams per deciliter) = normal fasting glucose. More than 100 but less than 126 mg/dl = pre-diabetes. More than 126 mg/dl = provisional diagnosis of diabetes.

Correct Option: C

The blood sugar concentration or blood glucose level is the amount of glucose (sugar) present in the blood of a human or animal. The body naturally tightly regulates blood glucose levels as a part of metabolic homeostasis. The mean normal blood glucose level in humans is about 4 mM (4 mmol/L or 72 mg/dL,
i.e. milligrams/deciliter); however, this level fluctuates throughout the day. Glucose levels are usually lowest in the morning, before the first meal of the day (termed “the fasting level”), and rise after meals for an hour or two by a few millimolar. Normal Human Glucose Blood Test results should be 70 - 130 (mg/ dL) before meals, and less than 180 mg/dL after meals (as measured by a blood glucose monitor). Less than 100 mg/dl (milligrams per deciliter) = normal fasting glucose. More than 100 but less than 126 mg/dl = pre-diabetes. More than 126 mg/dl = provisional diagnosis of diabetes.

An accessory fruit (sometimes called false fruit, spurious fruit, pseudofruit, or pseudocarp) is a fruit in which some of the flesh is derived not from the ovary but from some adjacent tissue exterior to the carpel. Examples of accessory tissue are the receptacle of strawberries, figs, or mulberries, and the calyx of Gaultheria procumbens or Syzygium jambos. Pomes, such as apples and pears, are also accessory fruits, with much of the fruit flesh derived from a hypanthium. Fruit with fleshy seeds, such as pomegranate or mamoncillo, are not considered to be accessory fruit.

Correct Option: A

An accessory fruit (sometimes called false fruit, spurious fruit, pseudofruit, or pseudocarp) is a fruit in which some of the flesh is derived not from the ovary but from some adjacent tissue exterior to the carpel. Examples of accessory tissue are the receptacle of strawberries, figs, or mulberries, and the calyx of Gaultheria procumbens or Syzygium jambos. Pomes, such as apples and pears, are also accessory fruits, with much of the fruit flesh derived from a hypanthium. Fruit with fleshy seeds, such as pomegranate or mamoncillo, are not considered to be accessory fruit.

Oxygen is one of several dissolved gases important to aquatic systems. Dissolved oxygen is necessary to maintain aerobic conditions in surface waters and is considered a primary indicator when assessing the suitability of surface waters to support aquatic life. For maintenance of aquatic health, dissolved oxygen concentrations should approach saturation – that concentration which is in equilibrium with the partial pressure of atmospheric oxygen. Dissolved oxygen can be measured in two ways: either in milligrams per liter (mg/L) or percent saturation (% sat). Water with an oxygen concentration of less than 3 mg/l will generally not support fish. When concentrations fall to about 3-4 mg/L, fish start gasping for air at the surface or huddle around the water fall (higher concentration points). Bio-converter bacteria may start to die off dumping toxins into the water compounding the lack of oxygen to the fish. Levels between 3 and 5 mg/l can normally be tolerated for short periods. Young Koi are less tolerant of low oxygen than the older, larger ones. Above 5 mg/l, almost all aquatic organisms can survive indefinitely, provided other environmental parameters are within allowable limits. Colder water fish (such as trout) need levels above 6 mg/L, and may require levels above 7 mg/L for spawning. Warm water fish can usually tolerate levels as low as 4 mg/L. If oxygen levels dip down to 1-2 mg/L, even only for a few hours, it can result in large fish kills.

Correct Option: A

Oxygen is one of several dissolved gases important to aquatic systems. Dissolved oxygen is necessary to maintain aerobic conditions in surface waters and is considered a primary indicator when assessing the suitability of surface waters to support aquatic life. For maintenance of aquatic health, dissolved oxygen concentrations should approach saturation – that concentration which is in equilibrium with the partial pressure of atmospheric oxygen. Dissolved oxygen can be measured in two ways: either in milligrams per liter (mg/L) or percent saturation (% sat). Water with an oxygen concentration of less than 3 mg/l will generally not support fish. When concentrations fall to about 3-4 mg/L, fish start gasping for air at the surface or huddle around the water fall (higher concentration points). Bio-converter bacteria may start to die off dumping toxins into the water compounding the lack of oxygen to the fish. Levels between 3 and 5 mg/l can normally be tolerated for short periods. Young Koi are less tolerant of low oxygen than the older, larger ones. Above 5 mg/l, almost all aquatic organisms can survive indefinitely, provided other environmental parameters are within allowable limits. Colder water fish (such as trout) need levels above 6 mg/L, and may require levels above 7 mg/L for spawning. Warm water fish can usually tolerate levels as low as 4 mg/L. If oxygen levels dip down to 1-2 mg/L, even only for a few hours, it can result in large fish kills.

Iodoform is the organoiodine compound with the formula CHI3. A pale yellow, crystalline, volatile substance, it has a penetrating odor and, analogous to chloroform, sweetish taste. It is occasionally used as a disinfectant. Around the beginning of the 20th century it was used in medicine as a healing and antiseptic dressing for wounds and sores, although this use is now superseded by superior antiseptics. Adolf Hitler’s mother, Klara Hitler, died of iodoform poisoning brought on by her treatment for breast cancer. It is the active ingredient in many ear powders for dogs and cats, to prevent infection and facilitate removal of ear hair, along with zinc oxide and propanoic acid.

Correct Option: C

Iodoform is the organoiodine compound with the formula CHI3. A pale yellow, crystalline, volatile substance, it has a penetrating odor and, analogous to chloroform, sweetish taste. It is occasionally used as a disinfectant. Around the beginning of the 20th century it was used in medicine as a healing and antiseptic dressing for wounds and sores, although this use is now superseded by superior antiseptics. Adolf Hitler’s mother, Klara Hitler, died of iodoform poisoning brought on by her treatment for breast cancer. It is the active ingredient in many ear powders for dogs and cats, to prevent infection and facilitate removal of ear hair, along with zinc oxide and propanoic acid.