Wilhelm Johannsen was a Danish botanist, plant physiologist and geneticist. His most well-known research concerned so-called pure lines of the selffertile common bean. He was able to show that even in populations homozygous for all traits, i.e. without genetic variation, seed size followed a normal distribution. This was attributable to resource provision to the mother plant and to the position of seeds in pods and of pods on the plant. This led him to coin the terms phenotype and genotype and first used in his paper Om arvelighed i samfund og i rene linier and in his book Arvelighedslærens Elementer.] This book was rewritten, enlarged and translated to German as Elemente der exakten Erblichkeitslehre.It was in this book Johannsen introduced the term gene. This term was coined in opposition to the then common pangene that stemmed from Darwin’s theory of pangenesis.

Correct Option: B

Wilhelm Johannsen was a Danish botanist, plant physiologist and geneticist. His most well-known research concerned so-called pure lines of the selffertile common bean. He was able to show that even in populations homozygous for all traits, i.e. without genetic variation, seed size followed a normal distribution. This was attributable to resource provision to the mother plant and to the position of seeds in pods and of pods on the plant. This led him to coin the terms phenotype and genotype and first used in his paper Om arvelighed i samfund og i rene linier and in his book Arvelighedslærens Elementer.] This book was rewritten, enlarged and translated to German as Elemente der exakten Erblichkeitslehre.It was in this book Johannsen introduced the term gene. This term was coined in opposition to the then common pangene that stemmed from Darwin’s theory of pangenesis.

Earthworms travel underground by the means of waves of muscular contractions which alternately shorten and lengthen the body. The shortened part is anchored to the surrounding soil by tiny claw-like bristles (setae) set along its segmented length. In all the body segments except the first, last and clitellum, there is a ring of S-shaped setae embedded in the epidermal pit of each segment (perichaetine). The whole burrowing process is aided by the secretion of lubricating mucus. Worms can make gurgling noises underground when disturbed as a result of the worm moving through its lubricated tunnels. They also work as biological “pistons” forcing air through the tunnels as they move. Thus earthworm activity aerates and mixes the soil, and is constructive to mineralization and nutrient uptake by vegetation. Certain species of earthworm come to the surface and graze on the higher concentrations of organic matter present there, mixing it with the mineral soil. Because a high level of organic matter mixing is associated with soil fertility, an abundance of earthworms is beneficial to the organic gardener.

Correct Option: B

Earthworms travel underground by the means of waves of muscular contractions which alternately shorten and lengthen the body. The shortened part is anchored to the surrounding soil by tiny claw-like bristles (setae) set along its segmented length. In all the body segments except the first, last and clitellum, there is a ring of S-shaped setae embedded in the epidermal pit of each segment (perichaetine). The whole burrowing process is aided by the secretion of lubricating mucus. Worms can make gurgling noises underground when disturbed as a result of the worm moving through its lubricated tunnels. They also work as biological “pistons” forcing air through the tunnels as they move. Thus earthworm activity aerates and mixes the soil, and is constructive to mineralization and nutrient uptake by vegetation. Certain species of earthworm come to the surface and graze on the higher concentrations of organic matter present there, mixing it with the mineral soil. Because a high level of organic matter mixing is associated with soil fertility, an abundance of earthworms is beneficial to the organic gardener.

The largest living bird is the ostrich (Struthio camelus), from the plains of Africa and Arabia. A large male ostrich can reach a height of 2.8 m (9.2 ft), weighing over 156 kg (345 lb).

Correct Option: C

The largest living bird is the ostrich (Struthio camelus), from the plains of Africa and Arabia. A large male ostrich can reach a height of 2.8 m (9.2 ft), weighing over 156 kg (345 lb).

The Dadasaheb Phalke Award is India’s highest award in cinema given annually by the Government of India for lifetime contribution to Indian cinema. Prabodh Chandra Dey, better known by his nickname Manna Dey, received the Dadasaheb Phalke Award in 2007. The Government of India honoured Dev Anand with the Padma Bhushan in 2001 and the Dadasaheb Phalke Award in 2002 for his contribution to Indian cinema. Rekha and Shabana Azmi have not received this award so far. The Government of India honoured Dilip Kumar with the Padma Bhushan in 1991 and the Dadasaheb Phalke Award in 1994 for his contributions towards Indian cinema.

Correct Option: E

The Dadasaheb Phalke Award is India’s highest award in cinema given annually by the Government of India for lifetime contribution to Indian cinema. Prabodh Chandra Dey, better known by his nickname Manna Dey, received the Dadasaheb Phalke Award in 2007. The Government of India honoured Dev Anand with the Padma Bhushan in 2001 and the Dadasaheb Phalke Award in 2002 for his contribution to Indian cinema. Rekha and Shabana Azmi have not received this award so far. The Government of India honoured Dilip Kumar with the Padma Bhushan in 1991 and the Dadasaheb Phalke Award in 1994 for his contributions towards Indian cinema.

Sleeping sickness is infection with germs carried by certain flies. It results in swelling of the brain. Sleeping sickness is caused by two germs, Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense and Trypanosomoa brucei gambiense. The more severe form of the illness is caused by T. rhodesiense. Tsetse flies carry the infection

Correct Option: C

Sleeping sickness is infection with germs carried by certain flies. It results in swelling of the brain. Sleeping sickness is caused by two germs, Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense and Trypanosomoa brucei gambiense. The more severe form of the illness is caused by T. rhodesiense. Tsetse flies carry the infection