Biology miscellaneous


  1. The study of extinct animals is called









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    Paleontology is the study of fossils to determine the structure and evolution of extinct animals and plants and the age and conditions of deposition of the rock strata in which they are found. It includes the study of fossils to determine organisms’ evolution and interactions with each other and their environments (their paleoecology). As a “historical science” it attempts to explain causes rather than conduct experiments to observe effects. Palaeontological observations have been documented as far back as the 5th century B.C.E.

    Correct Option: D

    Paleontology is the study of fossils to determine the structure and evolution of extinct animals and plants and the age and conditions of deposition of the rock strata in which they are found. It includes the study of fossils to determine organisms’ evolution and interactions with each other and their environments (their paleoecology). As a “historical science” it attempts to explain causes rather than conduct experiments to observe effects. Palaeontological observations have been documented as far back as the 5th century B.C.E.


  1. The branch of biology dealing with the study of cells is known as









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    Cytology means “the study of cells”. Cytology is that branch of life science, which deals with the study of cells in terms of structure, function and chemistry. Based on usage it can refer to: Cytopathology: the study of cellular disease and the use of cellular changes for the diagnosis of disease; and Cell biology: the study of (normal) cellular anatomy, function and chemistry.

    Correct Option: A

    Cytology means “the study of cells”. Cytology is that branch of life science, which deals with the study of cells in terms of structure, function and chemistry. Based on usage it can refer to: Cytopathology: the study of cellular disease and the use of cellular changes for the diagnosis of disease; and Cell biology: the study of (normal) cellular anatomy, function and chemistry.



  1. The study of visceral organs is









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    Splanchology is the scientific study of the viscera and its organs. It studies the characteristics and structure of the visceral system of an animal. It is the study of viscera, which are the organs situated in the thoracic, abdominal and pelvic cavities of the body, and are associated with pleura and peritoneum. There are four major systems identified in the viscera according to their functions, and they are the digestive system, the respiratory system, the urinary system, and the reproductive system. These four major systems are to process bodily intakes for metabolism such as nutrients and oxygen from surrounding and to remove the wastes from the body. One last function of the viscera is to ensure the survival of the species as a whole by conducting the process of reproduction.

    Correct Option: D

    Splanchology is the scientific study of the viscera and its organs. It studies the characteristics and structure of the visceral system of an animal. It is the study of viscera, which are the organs situated in the thoracic, abdominal and pelvic cavities of the body, and are associated with pleura and peritoneum. There are four major systems identified in the viscera according to their functions, and they are the digestive system, the respiratory system, the urinary system, and the reproductive system. These four major systems are to process bodily intakes for metabolism such as nutrients and oxygen from surrounding and to remove the wastes from the body. One last function of the viscera is to ensure the survival of the species as a whole by conducting the process of reproduction.


  1. The enzyme in whose presence glucose and fructose are converted into alcohol is









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    The slow decomposition of organic matter into simpler substances in presence of enzymes is known as fermentation. Fermentation is used for the preparation of alcoholic beverages from grape juice and other fruit juices in presence of yeast, which contains proper enzymes. In the first process, sugar from molasses or sugarcane, fruits or starch is first converted to glucose and fructose (isonomers) in presence of an enzyme called invertase. C12H22O11+ H2O → C6H12O6+ C6H12O6. Glucose and fructose are both converted to ethanol and carbon dioxide in presence of another enzyme, zymase. Both the enzymes, invertase and zymase, are present in yeast. C6H12O6 → 2C2H5OH + 2CO2

    Correct Option: D

    The slow decomposition of organic matter into simpler substances in presence of enzymes is known as fermentation. Fermentation is used for the preparation of alcoholic beverages from grape juice and other fruit juices in presence of yeast, which contains proper enzymes. In the first process, sugar from molasses or sugarcane, fruits or starch is first converted to glucose and fructose (isonomers) in presence of an enzyme called invertase. C12H22O11+ H2O → C6H12O6+ C6H12O6. Glucose and fructose are both converted to ethanol and carbon dioxide in presence of another enzyme, zymase. Both the enzymes, invertase and zymase, are present in yeast. C6H12O6 → 2C2H5OH + 2CO2



  1. The science dealing with the study of teeth is









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    Odontology is the study of the structure, development, and abnormalities of the teeth. Forensic dentistry or forensic odontology is the proper handling, examination and evaluation of dental evidence, which will be then presented in the interest of justice. The evidence that may be derived from teeth, is the age (in children) and identification of the person to whom the teeth belong. This is done using dental records including radiographs, ante-mortem (prior to death) and post-mortem photographs and DNA.

    Correct Option: A

    Odontology is the study of the structure, development, and abnormalities of the teeth. Forensic dentistry or forensic odontology is the proper handling, examination and evaluation of dental evidence, which will be then presented in the interest of justice. The evidence that may be derived from teeth, is the age (in children) and identification of the person to whom the teeth belong. This is done using dental records including radiographs, ante-mortem (prior to death) and post-mortem photographs and DNA.