Profit and Loss
- A reduction of 15% in the price of apples would enable a purchaser to get 2 kg more apples for $ 240. The new price (per kg) of apples is
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Let the original rate = y per kg.
New rate = ( 100 - 15 )% of yNew rate = 85% of y = 85y = 17y 100 20 Original quantity for $ 240 = 240 y New quantity = 240 × 20 = 4800 17y 17y
From the question ,∴ 4800 - 240 = 2 17y y ⇒ 4800 - 4080 = 2 17y ⇒ 720 = 2 ⇒ y = 720 17y 2 × 17 ∴ Original rate per kg = $ 720 34 ∴ Reduced rate = $ 17y 20
Correct Option: B
Let the original rate = y per kg.
New rate = ( 100 - 15 )% of yNew rate = 85% of y = 85y = 17y 100 20 Original quantity for $ 240 = 240 y New quantity = 240 × 20 = 4800 17y 17y
From the question ,∴ 4800 - 240 = 2 17y y ⇒ 4800 - 4080 = 2 17y ⇒ 720 = 2 ⇒ y = 720 17y 2 × 17 ∴ Original rate per kg = $ 720 34 ∴ Reduced rate = $ 17y 20 Reduced rate = $ 
17 × 720 
= $ 18 20 34
- If the price of eraser is reduced by 25% a person can buy 2 more erasers for a rupee. How many erasers are available for a rupee?
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According to question ,
Cost of 2 erasers = 25% of 1Cost of 2 erasers
=25 × 1 = $ 1 100 4
Correct Option: A
According to question ,
Cost of 2 erasers = 25% of 1Cost of 2 erasers
=25 × 1 = $ 1 100 4 ⇒ Cost of one eraser = $ 1 8
∴ 8 erasers will be available for $ 1
- A tradesman sold an article at a loss of 20%. If the selling price had been increased by $ 100, there would have been a gain of 5%. The cost price of the article was :
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Let the C.P. of article be y.
From the question ,
∴ 105% of y – 80% of y = 100
⇒ 25% of y = 100⇒ 25 × y = 100 100
Correct Option: C
Let the C.P. of article be y.
From the question ,
∴ 105% of y – 80% of y = 100
⇒ 25% of y = 100⇒ 25 × y = 100 100 ⇒ y = 100 × 100 = $ 400 25
- If the cost of pins reduces by $ 4 per dozen, 12 more pins can be purchased for $ 48. The cost of pins per dozen after reduction is:
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Let the original price = y per dozen
New price = (y – 4) per dozenOriginal number of pins = 48 dozens y New number of pins = 48 dozens y - 4
According to the question,48 - 48 = 1 y - 4 y ⇒ 48 y - y + 4 = 1 y(y - 4)
⇒ y (y – 4) = 48 × 4
⇒ y 2 – 4y – 192 = 0
⇒ y 2 – 16y + 12y – 192 = 0
Correct Option: B
Let the original price = y per dozen
New price = (y – 4) per dozenOriginal number of pins = 48 dozens y New number of pins = 48 dozens y - 4
According to the question,48 - 48 = 1 y - 4 y ⇒ 48 y - y + 4 = 1 y(y - 4)
⇒ y (y – 4) = 48 × 4
⇒ y 2 – 4y – 192 = 0
⇒ y 2 – 16y + 12y – 192 = 0
⇒ y(y – 16) + 12 (y – 16) = 0
⇒ (y – 16) (y + 12) = 0
⇒ y = 16, because the price of pins can not be negative.
∴ y ≠ –12
∴ New price = 16 – 4 = $ 12 per dozen
- A reduction of 20% in the price of salt enabled a purchaser to obtain 4 kg. more for $ 100. The reduced price of salt per kg is :
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Due to fall in price, there is a saving of 20% of $ 100 i.e., $ 20.
With this amount the purchaser purchases 4 kg. of salt.∴ Reduced price of salt per kg = 20 4
Correct Option: B
Due to fall in price, there is a saving of 20% of $ 100 i.e., $ 20.
With this amount the purchaser purchases 4 kg. of salt.∴ Reduced price of salt per kg = 20 = $ 5 4
