The phenomena of interference and diffraction of light were successful beyond doubt to prove that light is a form of wave. But they failed to decide whether light is transverse or longitudinal wave. The fact that light is a transverse wave was established only after the discovery of the phenomenon of polarization. It was Huygens who first discovered the phenomenon of polarization in 1690. The phenomenon of interference and diffraction can be exhibited by all types of waves but polarization can be exhibited by the transverse waves only. So it was the discovery of polarization of light that helped us to prove that light is a transverse wave.

Correct Option: C

The phenomena of interference and diffraction of light were successful beyond doubt to prove that light is a form of wave. But they failed to decide whether light is transverse or longitudinal wave. The fact that light is a transverse wave was established only after the discovery of the phenomenon of polarization. It was Huygens who first discovered the phenomenon of polarization in 1690. The phenomenon of interference and diffraction can be exhibited by all types of waves but polarization can be exhibited by the transverse waves only. So it was the discovery of polarization of light that helped us to prove that light is a transverse wave.

Mirage is caused by total internal reflection in deserts where due to heating of the earth, refractive index of air near the surface of earth becomes lesser than above it. A ray of light coming from a distant object gets refracted from a denser to a rarer medium. Consequently the refracted ray bends away from the normal until at a particular layer, the light is incident at an angle greater than the critical angle. At this stage the incident ray suffers total internal reflection and is reflected upwards. When this reflected beam of light enters the eyes of the observer, it creates an illusion of the water near the object.

Correct Option: D

Mirage is caused by total internal reflection in deserts where due to heating of the earth, refractive index of air near the surface of earth becomes lesser than above it. A ray of light coming from a distant object gets refracted from a denser to a rarer medium. Consequently the refracted ray bends away from the normal until at a particular layer, the light is incident at an angle greater than the critical angle. At this stage the incident ray suffers total internal reflection and is reflected upwards. When this reflected beam of light enters the eyes of the observer, it creates an illusion of the water near the object.

Red light has a longer wavelength than violet light and the other colours of visible light have intermediate wavelengths. As light passes from air into glass, there is reduction of velocity. Due to longer wavelengths, red waves travel fastest and is refracted the least, while violet waves travel the slowest and is refracted the most.

Correct Option: B

Red light has a longer wavelength than violet light and the other colours of visible light have intermediate wavelengths. As light passes from air into glass, there is reduction of velocity. Due to longer wavelengths, red waves travel fastest and is refracted the least, while violet waves travel the slowest and is refracted the most.

LHC stands for Large Hadron Collider is the world’s largest and most powerful particle collider that allows scientists to further test the properties of the Higgs boson. It lies in a tunnel beneath the France– Switzerland border near Geneva, Switzerland. It is the largest, most complex experimental facility ever built, and the largest single machine in the world.

Correct Option: B

LHC stands for Large Hadron Collider is the world’s largest and most powerful particle collider that allows scientists to further test the properties of the Higgs boson. It lies in a tunnel beneath the France– Switzerland border near Geneva, Switzerland. It is the largest, most complex experimental facility ever built, and the largest single machine in the world.

Self-inductance is proportional to the number of turns per unit length. The original self-inductance
(L) is given by

Correct Option: A

Self-inductance is proportional to the number of turns per unit length. The original self-inductance
(L) is given by