Direction: In the following questions, you have brief passages with 5/10 questions following each passage. Read the passages carefully and choose the best answer to each question out of the four alternatives.
PASSAGE
At low tide he walked over the sands to the headland and round the corner to the little bay facing the open sea. It was inaccessible by boat, because seams of rock jutted out and currents swirled round them treacherously. But you could walk there if you chose one of the lowest ebb tides that receded a very long way. You could not linger on the expedition, for once the tide was on the turn, it came in rapidly. For this reason very few people cared to explore the little bay fresh and unlittered, as it was completely covered by the sea at high tide. The cave inviting, looked mysteriously dark, cool and inviting, and he penetrated to the farthest corner where he discoveredawide crack, rather like a chimney. He peered up and thought he could see a patch of daylight.
SOME IMPORTANT WORDS
(1) headland (N.) : a narrow piece of high land that sticks out from the coast into the sea
(2) bay (N.) : a part of the sea/a lake, partly surrounded by a wide curve of the land
(3) inaccessible (Adj.) : difficult/impossible to reach/ get
(4) treacherously (Adv.) : in a dangerous way
(5)ebb tide (N.) : the period of time when the sea flows away from the land
(6) receded (V.) : to gradually move away
(7) linger (V.) : to continue to exist for longer than expected
(8) expedition (N.) : an organized journey
(9) unlittered (Adj.) : tidy
(10) high tide (N.) : the time when the sea has risen to its highest level
(11) sprightly (Adj.) : in a lively, animated manner

Direction: In the following questions, you have brief passages with 5/10 questions following each passage. Read the passages carefully and choose the best answer to each question out of the four alternatives.
PASSAGE
The Wright brothers did not have to look far for ideas when building their airplane, they studied birds. The act of copying from nature to address a design problem is not new, but over the last decade the practice has moved from obscure scientific journals to the mainstream. The term ‘biomimicry’, popularized by American natural-sciences writer Janine Benyus in the late 1990s, refers to innovation that take their inspiration from flora and fauna. Biomimicry advocates argue that with 3.8 billion years of research and development, evolution has already solved many of the challenges humans now encounter. Although we often see nature as something we mine for resources, biomimicry views nature as a mentor. From all around the globe, there are countless instances where natural sources have served as inspiration for inventions that promise to transform every sector of society. One such instance occurred in 1941 when Swiss engineer, George de Mestral was out hunting with his dog one day when he noticed sticky burrs, with their hundreds tiny hooks, had attached themselves to his pants and his dog’s fur. These were his inspiration for Velcro.
SOME IMPORTANT WORDS
(1) obscure (Adj.) : not well-known
(2) burrs (N.) : the seed container of some plants which is covered in very small hooks that stick to clothes/ fur