Direction: Read the following passages carefully and choose the most appropriate answer to the question out of the four alternatives.
Passage
A classless society, however, does not mean a society without leaders. It means rather one in which every citizen becomes for the first time eligible for leadership, if he has the power to lead. It means a society in which every one is given, as far as possible, the chance to develop this power by the widest diffusion of educational opportunities in the broadest sense, and by keeping the career wide open to talents of every useful kind. It is often said that a community of equals will not allow itself to be led. But in fact, most men are, in most things, very willing to be led, and more in danger of giving their leaders too much than too little authority, especially if they are free to choose them, and assured that the leaders cannot exploit them for personal economic advantage; leadership, so far from disappearing, will come into its own in a truly democratic society. But it is likely to be a more diffused leadership than we are used to; for a better-nurtured people will have more citizens with strong wills and minds of their own, wishful to lead; some in politics, some in industry, and some in professions and arts of life. This is the idea of a classless society. Some will reject it as contrary to their interest, some as utopian and against ‘Human nature’, for there are some who deny, indeed if not in word, that the aim of society should be to promote the greatest happiness and welfare of the greatest number and others who hold, with pessimistic honesty, that most men must be driven and not led.
MEANINGS OF WORDS/PHRASES
(1) Utopian (N.) : an idealistic social reformer
(2) Cynical (Adj.) : having a sneering disbelief in others
(3) Expository (Adj.) : intended to explain/describe something
(4) Factual (Adj.) : existing in act/fact
(5) Critical (Adj.) : marked by a tendency to find and call attention to errors and flaws
(6) Satirical (Adj.) : exposing human folly to ridicule
(7) diffusion
(N.) : spread of something

Direction: Read the following passages carefully and choose the most appropriate answer to the question out of the four alternatives.
Passage
Great books do not spring from something accidental in the great men who write them. They are the effluence of their very core, the expression of the life itself of the authors. And literature cannot be said to have served its true purpose until it has been translated into the actual life of him who reads. It is the vast reservoir of true ideas and emotions. In a world deprived of literature, the broad, the noble, the generous would tend to disappear and life would be correspondingly degraded, because the wrong idea and the petty emotion would never feel the upward pull of the ideas and emotions of genius. Only by conceiving a society without literature can it be clearly realised that the function of literature is to raise the plain towards the top level of the peaks. Literature exists so that where a man has lived finely, ten thousands may afterwards live finely. It is a means of life, it concerns the living essence.
MEANINGS OF WORDS/PHRASES
(1) effluence (N.) : the process of flowing out
(2) core (N.) : the most important/central part of something