Shrinkage allowance on pattern is provided to compensate

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Shrinkage allowance on pattern is provided to compensate for shrinkage when

1. the temperature of liquid metal drops from pouring to freezing temp
2. the metal changes from liquid to solid state at freezing temperature
3. the temperature of solid phase drops from freezing to room temperature
4. the temp of metal drops from pouring to room temperature

Correct Option: D

Liquid shrinkage is compensated by riser.