Correct Option: D

Privatization is the process of transferring ownership of a business, enterprise, agency, public service or public property from the public sector (a government) to the private sector, either to a business that operates for a profit or to a non-profit organization. The term can also mean government outsourcing of services or functions to private firms, e.g. revenue collection, law enforcement, and prison management. There are four main methods of privatization: (a) Share issue privatization (SIP) - selling shares on the stock market; (b) Asset sale privatization - selling an entire organization (or part of it) to a strategic investor, usually by auction or by using the Treuhand model; (c) Voucher privatization - distributing shares of ownership to all citizens, usually for free or at a very low price; and (d) Privatization from below - Start-up of new private businesses in formerly socialist countries.